CLINICAL AND CYTOGENETIC PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

Abstract

Background: The aim was to find out incidence of clinical and cytogenetic abnormality in patients with Myelodysplastic syndrome visiting our tertiary care Centre which can help in further research regarding association of cytogenetic abnormality in MDS prevalent in our region.

Material and methods: 20 patients diagnosed as case of MDS or are in follow up and 20 healthy age and sex match voluntary blood donors. Cases and controls were taken from 1^st Nov 2016 to 31^st June 2018. Obtained information regarding the presence of cytopenia, bone marrow biopsy, karyotyping, age group, sign and symptoms were analyzed.

Results: In our study majority of the patients were in age between 41 and 60 years. Male outnumbered females with ratio of 1.86:1.the most common symptom was weakness followed by fever and bleeding manifestation. The commonest clinical finding was pallor, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. There was no family history and few of them have been exposed to pesticides. Grade IV neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was present in 25% and 50% of the patient respectively. 65% of the patient showed pancytopenia and hypercellularity as well. On karyotyping 8 abnormalities were detected out of which most common was Monosomy 7 seen in 20% of cases. 15% patient progressed to acute myeloid Leukemia.

Conclusion: The pathogenesis of MDS is still poorly understood and variation in its frequency possibly due to environmental and biological factors. In our study mean age of incidence was 49 years with male preponderance. All the other modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were evaluated and were in agreement with previous studies done in western population except for the mean age which is early for our population.