Role of Ultrasonography Placental Thickness in Third Trimester in the Prediction of Fetal Outcome

Yamini Patil; Olivia B. Skariah; Rajkumar P Patange

doi:10.55489/njmr.14022024995

Authors

Yamini Patil Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
Olivia B. Skariah Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
Rajkumar P Patange Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njmr.14022024995

Keywords:

Placental thickness, Fetal outcome, Sonography, Fetal weight, Birth weight

Abstract

Introduction: The Placenta is a functional unit between the mother and foetus. Placental thick play’s important role in foetal outcome. This study conducted to assess Placental Thickness ultra-sonographically at 32nd and 36th weeks of gestation and to assess the role of placental thickness in the prediction of foetal outcome.

Methodology: The present study was conducted among 237 women to study the relationship of ultra-sonographically assessed Placental Thickness in the third trimester with Foetal Outcome and its correlation with Placental Pathology.

Results: Among 237 women. Highest number of women (48.5%) were from age group 25 to 29 years followed by 20 to 24 years (42.6%). Mean birth weight increases with along with placental thickness at 32^nd week (p <0.01) as well as at 36^th week (p <0.01). Cases with <7 APGAR score at 5 min were significantly higher in placental thickness less than 10^th percentile at 32^nd week (p<0.01). Newborn having lower placental thickness at 32^nd or at 36^th week gestation required NICU more often (p<0.01).

Conclusion: From the present study we conclude that there was a significant positive correlation between placental thickness and birth weight. Neonatal outcome was good (higher APGAR score and less NICU admission rate) when placental thickness was within normal range Lower birth weight was significantly higher in less than 10^th percentile placental thickness group.

References

Saragade P, Chaudhari R, Chakravarti A. Study of Histo-pathological findings of Placenta in Cases of Deliveries at Tertiary Health Care Institute. MVP Journal of Medical Sci-ences 2017;4(2):165-171.

Nagpal K, Mittal P, Grover SB. Role of Ultrasonographic Placental Thickness in Prediction of Fetal Outcome: A Pro-spective Indian Study. J ObstetGynaecol India. 2018;68(5):349-354. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1038-8 PMid:30224837 PMCid:PMC6133799

Henriksson JT, Bron AJ, Bergmanson JP. An explanation for the central to peripheral thickness variation in the mouse cornea. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012; 40(2): 174-181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02652.x PMid:21745264 PMCid:PMC4120677

Afrakhteh M, Moein A, Their MS, et al. Correlation between placental thickness in the second and third trimester and fetal weight. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2013;35(7):317-22 doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032013000700006 PMid:24080844

Nascente LMP, Grandi C, Aragon DC, Cardoso VC. Placen-tal measurements and their association with birth weight in a Brazilian cohort. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020 Feb 21;23:e200004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200004 PMid:32130393

Turowski G, Tony Parks W, Arbuckle S, Jacobsen AF, Hea-zell A. The structure and utility of the placentalpathology report. APMIS 2018; 126: 638-646. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12842 PMid:30129133

Ahn KH, Lee JH, Cho GJ, et al. Placental thickness-to-estimated foetal weight ratios and small-for-gestational-age infants at delivery. J ObstetGynaecol. 2017;20:1-5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2017.1312306 PMid:28631507

Balakrishnan M, Virudachalam T. Placental thickness: a so-nographic parameter for estimation of gestational age. Int J Reprod Contracept ObstetGynaecol. 2016;5(12):4377-81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164347

Ohagwu CC, Abu PO, Effiong B. Placental thickness: a so-nographic indicator of gestational age in normal singleton pregnancies in Nigerian women. Internet J Med Update. 2009;4(2):9-14 Doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/ijmu.v4i2.43837

Schwartz N, Wang E, Parry S. Two-dimensional so-nographic placental measurements in the prediction of small for gestational age infants. Ultrasound ObstetGynae-col. 2012; 40(6): 674-679. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.11136 PMid:22331557

Abdelhamid AN, Sayyed TM, Shahin AE, Zerban MA. Corre-lation between second and third trimester placental thick-ness with ultrasonographic gestational age. Menoufia Med J 2019;32:1406-10 Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/mmj.mmj_389_18

Jauniaux E, Ramsay B, Campbell S. Ultrasonographic in-vestigation of placental morphologic characteristics and size during the second trimester of pregnancy.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Jan; 170(1 Pt 1):130-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70397-3 PMid:7507643

Thompson MO, Vines SK, Aquilina J, Wathen NC, Harring-ton K. Are placental lakes of any clinical significance? Pla-centa. 2002;23:685-690. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/plac.2002.0837 PMid:12361687

Elchalal U, Ezra Y, Levi Y, Bar-Oz B, Yanai N, Intrator O, Nadjari M. Sonographically thick placenta: a marker for in-creased perinatal risk-a prospective cross-sectional study. Placenta. 2000;21:268-272. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/plac.1999.0466 PMid:10736252

Dombrowski MP, Wolfe HM, Saleh A, Evans MI, O'Brien J. The sonographically thick placenta: a predictor of increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound Obstet Gyne-col. 1992;2:252-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.1992.02040252.x PMid:12796950

Miwa I, Sase M, Torii M, Sanai H, Nakamura Y, Ueda K. A thick placenta: a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Springerplus. 2014;3:353. Published 2014 Jul 11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-353 PMid:25077064 PMCid:PMC4112033

Sharma D, Shastri S, Farahbakhsh N, et al. Intrauterine growth restriction-part 2. J Martin Fetal Neonatal Med., 2016; 0(0):1-12.

Ohagwu CC, Abu PO, Ezeokeke UO, Ugwu AC. Relationship between placental thickness and growth parameters in normal Nigerian foetuses. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(2):133-8.

Kaushal, Lovely; Patil, Abhijit; Kocherla, Keerthi. Evaluation of placental thickness as a sonological indicator for estima-tion of gestational age of foetus in normal singleton preg-nancy. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015 May;3(5):1213-1218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20150534

Hamidi OP, Hameroff A, Kunselman A, Curtin WM, Sinha R, Ural SH. Placental thickness on ultrasound and neonatal birthweight. J Perinat Med. 2019 Apr 24; 47(3): 331-334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0100 PMid:30504523

Sadler TW. Longman's medical embryology.9th edition. Baltimore, MD: LippincottWilliams and Wilkins, 2004; Pp. 117- 48.