INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leading to complications at various levels.

Methods: In this prospective study, we determined the incidence of TB among 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the Capital Hospital of Bhubaneswar. Various socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, literacy status, locality, habits, etc. and clinical profile were assessed.

Results: Out of 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, only 13 were having active TB disease, the incidence being 1.08%. Further, 12 were having pulmonary TB. More males with advancing age and sedentary life style were having Diabetes. About 23% of patients had familial history, high BMI levels, hypertension, high FBG levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 30% of T2DM patients were having metabolic syndrome. In our study, age, literacy status, occupation, life style, familial history, habits and stress appeared to be significant risk factors among patients with diabetes. The HbA1C levels were higher among 51% of the diabetes patients. It was observed that while 84% of the patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs only 8% were taking Insulin injections. These patients were addicted to either smoking, drinking alcohol and/or chewing tobacco / gutka. The HbA1C levels were higher among 69% of the DM-TB patients indicating poorer glycemic control which is a proven risk factor for TBDM co-morbidity.

Conclusions: Screening for DM in TB patients could improve case detection of diabetes and early treatment, which in turn will lead to better TB-specific treatment outcomes and prevention of diabetes related complications.