A Study on Serum Vitamin D3 Level in Patients with Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kolkata

Enamul Hossain; Sanjay K Mandal; Souvik Sarkar; Amrita Jha; Ranjan Mondal

doi:10.55489/njmr.150220251070

Authors

Enamul Hossain Department of Cardiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-1665
Sanjay K Mandal Department of General Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-056X
Souvik Sarkar Department of Cardiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-6333
Amrita Jha Department of General Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8331-8131
Ranjan Mondal Department of General Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4207-5233

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55489/njmr.150220251070

Keywords:

Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D, Deficiency

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially influencing the disease course. This study assessed the prevalence of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients and its association with disease severity in the Indian population.

Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Medical College, Kolkata, including 100 RT-PCR-confirmed moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Disease severity was categorized based on oxygen saturation. Serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured on admission, along with other hematological and biochemical parameters. High-resolution CT scans were performed to assess pulmonary involvement.

Results: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were observed in 18% and 67% of patients, respectively. Deficiency was more prevalent in severe cases (82.97%) than moderate cases (52.83%). The mean vitamin D levels in moderate and severe disease groups were 23.23±8.74 and 17.17±8.09 ng/ml, respectively. A significant association was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity (P = 0.006). The vitamin D cutoff for predicting severe disease was 18.57 ng/dl.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with severe COVID-19 in the Indian population. Low vitamin D levels may predict disease severity, suggesting supplementation as a potential preventive strategy.

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